ABSTRACT
Objective: To conduct a geospatial analysis of suicide deaths among young people in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil, and evaluate their association with socioeconomic and spatial determinants. Methods: Data were obtained from the Mortality Information System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Data on suicide mortality rates (SMR) were extracted for three age groups (15-19, 20-24, and 25-29 years) from two 5-year periods (1998-2002 and 2008-2012). Geospatial data were analyzed through exploratory spatial data analysis. We applied Bayesian networks algorithms to explore the network structure of the socioeconomic predictors of SMR. Results: We observed spatial dependency in SMR in both periods, revealing geospatial clusters of high SMR. Our results show that socioeconomic deprivation at the municipality level was an important determinant of suicide in the youth population in Paraná, and significantly influenced the formation of high-risk SMR clusters. Conclusion: While youth suicide is multifactorial, there are predictable geospatial and sociodemographic factors associated with high SMR among municipalities in Paraná. Suicide among youth aged 15-29 occurs in geographic clusters which are associated with socioeconomic deprivation. Rural settings with poor infrastructure and development also correlate with increased SMR clusters.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Vulnerable Populations/statistics & numerical data , Suicide, Completed/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors , Brazil , Risk Factors , Bayes Theorem , Cities , Age Distribution , Spatio-Temporal AnalysisABSTRACT
Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência e fatores associados à inatividade física no lazer, segundo sexo, em residentes da área urbana de um município do Sul do Brasil. Métodos Os dados foram obtidos da pesquisa de monitoramento de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em adultos da cidade de Maringá, Paraná, através de inquérito populacional e amostra de 453 indivíduos. Resultados Foram avaliados 351 mulheres e 102 homens. A taxa de inatividade física no lazer foi de 87,5 % e 86,3 % para as mulheres e homens, respectivamente. Após regressão multivariada, notou-se que as mulheres com idade entre 50 e 59 anos estão fisicamente ativas (p=0,01), e aquelas com 0 a 8 anos de estudo, apresentaram-se inativas no lazer (p=0,02). E relação aos homens, os que declararam ser ex-fumantes, classificaram-se como ativos (p=0,03) e os que reconheceram o estado de saúde como regular, apresentaram-se inativos no lazer (p=0,04). Conclusão Foi possível perceber que embora com variáveis de risco e proteção distintas, a inatividade na população adulta encontra-se presente em ambos os sexos, e logo, por ser um fator de risco modificável, deve integrar-se no rol das medidas de prevenção e controle de doenças, através de estratégias de vigilância e monitoramento do estado de saúde da população.
Objective This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of and factors associated with gender-related physical inactivity in an urban area of a city in southern Brazil. Methods Data was obtained from a survey monitoring risk factors regarding chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) in adults living in Maringá, Paraná, and the random sampling of 453 people living in the chosen urban area. Results The sample involved 351 women and 102 men; women's physical inactivity rate was 87.5 % and 86.3 % for men. Multivariate regression stated that women aged 50 to 59 years of age were physically active (p=0.01) and those having received 0-8 years of education had become inactive during their leisure time (p=0.02). Compared to males, women who reported being ex-smokers were classified as being active (p=0.03) and those who recognized their state of health as fair were classified as having become inactive during their spare time (p=0.04). Conclusion Inactivity was thus observed amongst both males and females in the target population, even though risk varied and there were distinct protection levels; this would therefore soon become a modifiable risk factor. NCD prevention and control measures must thus be taken through surveillance strategies and monitoring the population's health status.
Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados con inactividad física, por sexo, en los residentes de un área urbana en una ciudad del sur de Brasil. Métodos Los datos se obtuvieron de una encuesta de seguimiento de los factores de riesgo de enfermedades crónicas entre los adultos de la ciudad de Maringá, Paraná, de la cual se tomó una muestra de 453 personas. Resultados Se estudiaron 351 mujeres y 102 hombres. La tasa de inactividad física fue del 87,5 % y del 86,3 % para las mujeres y los hombres, respectivamente. Después de un análisis de regresión multivariada, se observó que las mujeres de edades comprendidas entre 50 y 59 años son físicamente activas (p=0,01), y las que tienen 0-8 años de estudio se han convertido en inactivas durante el tiempo libre (p=0,02). En comparación, los hombres que reportaron ser ex fumadores fueron clasificados como activos (p=0,03) y los que reconocen el estado de salud como regular, se habían convertido en inactivos durante el tiempo libre (p=0,04). Conclusión Se pudo observar que, si bien con diferentes riesgos y distinta protección, la inactividad en adultos está presente en ambos sexos, y que se convierte en un factor de riesgo modificable. Las medidas de prevención y de control de las enfermedades se deben integrar a través de estrategias de vigilancia y seguimiento del estado de salud de la población.